The paintings of the Twelve Apostles on the pillars of the central nave are by Franciszek Smuglewicz.

The artist Costantino Villani was invited from Italy to create 16 large paintings specifically for the cathedral. It is the most spectacular series of paintings on themes from Holy Scripture in Lithuania.

Facing the altar, scenes from the New Testament are depicted on the left side, and scenes from the Old Testament are depicted on the right.

On the right side, eight paintings representing stories from the Old Testament hang on the walls above the chapels between the pilasters. Walking from St Casimir’s Chapel towards the organ loft, they are: The Creation, Cain and Abel, Abraham’s Sacrifice of Isaac, Jacob’s Dream, Joseph in Prison, Moses at Mount Sinai, Joshua’s Victory and The Judgement of Solomon.

There are another eight paintings by Costantino Villani on the left side. Walking from the sacristy towards the organ loft, they are: The Annunciation by the Archangel Gabriel, The Nativity of Christ, The Massacre of the Innocents, The Adoration of the Magi, The Flight into Egypt, The Baptism of Christ, Jesus is Laid in the Tomb and The Descent of the Holy Spirit.