The Royal, or Wołłowicz, Chapel was built in the late 15th century by the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir Jagiellon. The crypt of this chapel became the burial place for members of the royal family, including the famously pious Prince Casimir.

When the Church allowed the veneration of St Casimir, Sigismund III Vasa, the ruler of Lithuania and Poland, began to build a new Chapel of St Casimir in the southeast corner, on the site of the former chapel maintained by the Bishop of Vilnius Eustachius Wołłowicz (1572–1630). The two chapels swapped places, and the Royal Chapel became the Wołłowicz Chapel. The chapel was built and decorated by Eustachius Wołłowicz before 1630.