he chapel was founded in 1476 by Mikalojus Kęsgailaitis, Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Voivode of Vilnius, a member of the Kęsgaila family. Initially dedicated to several saints, over time it acquired various names related to its patrons and the artworks once housed there. Because of this changing nomenclature, it is most commonly referred to in historiography as the First Kęsgaila Chapel.

Several historical monuments have survived in the chapel: memorial plaques dedicated to the Lithuanian nobleman Mykolas Zaleckis and to Vincentas Kliučinskis, Metropolitan Archbishop of Mogilev, as well as a unique brown marble plaque recounting the legend of the Vilnius Franciscan martyrs.

Following its restoration in 2020, the chapel was fitted with a modern mensa containing relics of St Faustina, Blessed Fr. Michał Sopoćko, and St John Paul II, with the image of the Divine Mercy displayed above.